The Communist Party of India (Marxist), or CPI(M), has been an enduring presence in Indian politics since 1951, campaigning under the iconic symbol of the hammer, sickle, and star. However, the upcoming Lok Sabha elections may mark a significant turning point for the party, potentially leading to the loss of its emblematic symbol.
The hammer, sickle, and star symbolize the essence of Communist ideology, representing the farmers, workers, and the revolutionary spirit, respectively. Derived from the emblem of the Soviet Union, this symbol has served as the hallmark of Communist movements worldwide, including in India.
Once a formidable political force, the Communist parties in India, particularly the CPI(M), are now grappling with a decline in influence. From a peak of 59 MPs in 2004, the Left parties have dwindled to just five, with the CPI(M) losing its strongholds in West Bengal and Tripura and retaining power only in Kerala.
The recent loss of national party status by the Communist Party of India (CPI) serves as a cautionary tale for the CPI(M). The looming threat of losing its iconic symbol underscores the existential challenge facing the CPI(M) in the current political landscape.
Formed in 1964 after a split in the Communist Party, the CPI(M) has gradually emerged as the dominant force within the Left bloc. However, its decline since the 2004 peak, particularly losing ground in West Bengal and Tripura, has raised concerns about its future.
The 2024 Lok Sabha election is pivotal for the CPI(M)'s survival. To safeguard its symbol and status, the party is intensifying its efforts in Kerala, its last bastion of power. Unlike previous strategies, the CPI(M) is now contesting the majority of Lok Sabha seats in Kerala under its official symbol, signaling a strategic shift to consolidate its position.
The party's electoral fortunes have dwindled over the years, with a significant decline in both seats and vote share. From 43 seats in 2004 to just three in 2019, coupled with a sharp drop in vote share, the CPI(M) is facing an uphill battle to retain its national party status.
The Election Commission of India has set stringent criteria for maintaining national party status, including securing a minimum percentage of votes and a certain number of seats in the Lok Sabha. Given its diminished presence in West Bengal and Tripura, meeting these criteria poses a formidable challenge for the CPI(M).
The 2024 Lok Sabha election will be a make-or-break moment for the CPI(M), determining not only its political relevance but also the preservation of its historic symbol.
