A recent study conducted by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) has brought to light significant demographic shifts in India over the past decades. According to the study, the population share of the majority religious group in India, namely Hindus, experienced a notable decline of 7.8% between 1950 and 2015. This decline contrasts sharply with the situation in neighboring countries such as Pakistan and Bangladesh, where the majority community's share increased during the same period.
Interestingly, while the Hindu population saw a decrease in India, the share of minority groups, including Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, and Sikhs, witnessed an upward trend. However, the study also noted a decline in the population share of certain minority communities like Jains and Parsis.
Between 1950 and 2015, the Muslim population in India saw a significant surge of 43.15%, while Christians experienced a 5.38% increase, Sikhs saw a 6.58% rise, and Buddhists witnessed a slight uptick. Consequently, the share of Hindus in India's population decreased from 84% in 1950 to 78% in 2015, while that of Muslims increased from 9.84% to 14.09% during the same period.
The study's findings indicate that India's demographic landscape is undergoing substantial changes, with minorities playing an increasingly significant role in the country's population mix. Moreover, India's experience aligns with broader global trends of declining majority populations, as observed in various countries worldwide.
In addition to India, several other nations, including Nepal and Myanmar, have seen declines in their majority populations, reflecting a global pattern of demographic transformation. The study underscores the importance of examining these demographic shifts as they provide insights into the societal dynamics and policy frameworks in place.
Moreover, the authors of the study emphasize that India's trend of increasing diversity suggests a conducive environment for fostering inclusivity and minority representation. They commend India's policies and institutions for their role in promoting diversity and improving the lives of minority communities.
Overall, the study highlights the need for continued research and analysis to better understand the underlying factors driving demographic changes and their implications for society and governance.
