The renewed underwater archaeological exploration at Dwarka marks a significant step in unraveling the mysteries of one of India's most legendary ancient cities. Almost two decades after the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) last conducted excavations at the site, a specialized team from the ASI's Underwater Archaeology Wing (UAW) has commenced an in-depth study off the Gujarat coast. Their goal is to investigate and preserve the remnants of a 4,000-year-old planned city, long believed to be the submerged kingdom of Lord Krishna. This mission is not only an archaeological endeavor but also an effort to bridge the gap between mythology and history, shedding new light on India's underwater cultural heritage.
Dwarka has been a subject of fascination for historians, archaeologists, and devotees alike. Hindu mythology describes it as Krishna’s karmabhoomi, a city that flourished under his rule before being reclaimed by the sea upon his departure, marking the beginning of the Kali Yuga. Over the years, various excavations have uncovered structural remains that suggest the existence of an ancient, well-planned city. The latest exploration effort, which also marks the revival of the ASI’s UAW, follows earlier studies conducted between 2005 and 2007.
Leading the underwater mission is Professor Alok Tripathi, Additional Director-General (Archaeology) at the ASI, along with a team of five archaeologists, including women archaeologists Aparajita Sharma, Poonam Vind, and Rajkumari Barbina. They have selected an area near the Gomati Creek as the initial site for their investigation. The ASI’s UAW has been a pioneer in marine archaeological research since the 1980s, having explored sites across India, from Lakshadweep’s Bangaram Island to Maharashtra’s Elephanta Island.
Dwarka’s significance extends beyond mythology. The submerged city has been at the heart of intense research, with excavations revealing remnants of fortified structures, stone anchors, irrigation systems, and other architectural elements indicative of an advanced urban settlement. Notable discoveries have been made since the 1960s, beginning with the work of JM Nanavati and HD Sankalia. Subsequent investigations led by marine archaeologists between 1983 and 1990 unearthed additional evidence of an ancient city-state with possible links to the Late Harappan period.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted Dwarka’s deep spiritual and historical significance during his visit to the Dwarkadhish Temple in February 2024. He shared images of himself underwater, exploring the legendary lost city, and referenced scriptural descriptions that depict Dwarka as a grand city with towering buildings and elaborate gateways. His remarks reinforced the belief that Dwarka is not merely a mythological site but a place deeply rooted in history.
While some scholars remain cautious, arguing that the submerged structures could be natural formations or that the dating of artifacts may not conclusively link them to the Mahabharata era, many researchers point to overwhelming evidence supporting the existence of a well-planned city at the site. Archaeologist SR Rao, a key figure in Dwarka’s exploration, stated that the findings confirm the presence of a city-state with satellite towns dating back to around 1500 BC. Other studies, such as those conducted by the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), have uncovered protohistoric and historical pottery, reinforcing the theory of a long-standing settlement at Bet Dwarka.
The importance of Dwarka extends beyond its religious and historical significance. Historically, it served as a major trade center, linking India with West Asia. The discovery of a fortified wall along the Gomati banks, where current investigations are underway, further supports the idea that it was once a thriving port city. The term 'Dwarka' itself, meaning 'gateway' in Sanskrit, reflects its historical role as a key point of commerce and cultural exchange.
The ongoing underwater exploration represents a crucial step in decoding the mysteries of this ancient site. With advancements in technology and underwater archaeology, the ASI aims to gather more concrete evidence that could potentially redefine our understanding of India’s ancient past. Each new discovery—whether in the form of artifacts, submerged structures, or urban planning elements—adds another piece to the puzzle, bringing us closer to establishing the historical authenticity of Krishna’s legendary city.
