The increasing scrutiny of Green Card holders in the US, particularly affecting elderly Indians, has sparked significant concern among immigrant communities. A Green Card, formally known as a Permanent Resident Card, grants non-citizens the right to live and work in the US indefinitely, but it comes with responsibilities and potential vulnerabilities.
Indian nationals are among the largest groups obtaining Green Cards — 49,700 Indians were naturalized in FY 2024 alone, making up 6.1% of new citizens. However, this increased presence also draws heightened attention from immigration authorities. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers have the authority to inspect Green Card holders returning from abroad to verify their continued eligibility for permanent residency. This can lead to secondary inspections, where travelers may face extended questioning and, in some cases, pressure to sign Form I-407, a document that voluntarily surrenders their Green Card status. Immigration attorneys report that elderly Indian residents, especially those who have spent extended periods outside the US, are frequently targeted in these situations.
Green Card holders have defined rights under US law. They can live and work permanently in the country, provided they avoid committing deportable offenses, such as certain criminal acts, fraud, or national security threats. They are also entitled to legal protections similar to US citizens, including fair wages, safe working conditions, and access to the courts. However, Green Card holders must obey all local, state, and federal laws, file income tax returns, and report income to the IRS and state authorities. Males aged 18-25 must also register with the Selective Service for potential military service.
Revocation of a Green Card can occur for several reasons. Marriage fraud, criminal convictions, or evidence of immigration fraud are among the most common causes. If a Green Card holder is convicted of a serious offense, they may serve their sentence in the US but subsequently face deportation proceedings before an immigration judge. Additionally, anyone suspected of supporting terrorism or affiliated with terrorist organizations can face immediate revocation and removal.
Legal experts stress that while the physical Green Card must be renewed every 10 years, the status itself remains valid indefinitely — as long as the holder remains compliant with immigration laws. Failure to renew the physical card may lead to complications, particularly during travel or employment verification, but it doesn’t automatically cancel one’s residency status.
For Green Card holders facing wrongful revocation or deportation, several legal recourses exist. They can request reconsideration at the US consulate that issued the visa or apply for a waiver if deemed inadmissible. If those efforts fail, they can challenge the decision in federal court. The process involves formal hearings, and individuals have the right to legal representation. In cases of coerced voluntary surrender, such as being pressured to sign Form I-407, a person can argue they signed under duress, though reversing such a decision may require substantial legal intervention.
For Indian Green Card holders — especially elderly individuals who may spend prolonged periods visiting family abroad — staying informed is crucial. Carrying documentation proving strong ties to the US (like property ownership, tax records, or evidence of family members living in the country) can help during secondary inspections. Consulting an immigration attorney before traveling can also provide clarity on current policies and potential risks.
While the number of deportations remains relatively low, the uptick in scrutiny highlights the importance of understanding both rights and responsibilities. Knowing how to navigate inspections, what forms to avoid signing under pressure, and what legal options are available can make a significant difference in safeguarding one’s status in the US.
