Infosys founder N.R. Narayana Murthy recently raised significant concerns about the overuse — and often misuse — of the term "artificial intelligence" (AI) within the Indian tech industry. Speaking at TiE Con Mumbai 2025, Murthy expressed his disappointment over how companies are branding even basic software programs as AI, diluting the meaning and true potential of the technology. "I think somehow it has become a fashion in India to talk of AI for everything. I have seen several normal, ordinary programs touted as AI," he remarked, emphasizing that AI isn’t just a trendy buzzword but a sophisticated field rooted in advanced computational science.
Murthy elaborated on the core distinctions between machine learning and deep learning — two of AI’s most essential pillars. He described machine learning as a technique that analyzes large datasets to identify patterns and make predictions through supervised algorithms, which require extensive input data. While acknowledging the value of machine learning, he made it clear that this is only the beginning of AI’s capabilities. He then shifted focus to deep learning, which he defined as a more advanced, complex subset of AI that mimics the human brain’s neural networks. This technique enables systems to handle unsupervised algorithms, meaning they can learn, adapt, and make decisions independently — even without pre-fed data. "Deep learning uses the data to create new branches of programs or new conditions. And then it will be able to take decisions,” he explained, highlighting how true AI involves self-evolution, decision-making, and an ability to improve over time — characteristics far beyond the capabilities of traditional software programs.
Murthy also expressed his concern about how this misrepresentation of AI could lead to a false sense of progress within India’s tech landscape. He pointed out that labeling simple rule-based programs as AI not only misguides consumers but also undermines the genuine advancements being made in the field. This, he suggested, could hinder India’s ability to compete with global tech giants who are pushing the boundaries of AI research and development.
Infosys itself has been actively developing AI innovations, particularly focusing on small language models (SLMs). These models are designed to be lightweight and adaptable, combining open-source frameworks with Infosys’s proprietary datasets. The goal is to create more efficient and scalable AI solutions tailored to the specific needs of businesses, particularly in industries like financial services, healthcare, and supply chain management.
Murthy’s remarks also tie into his broader philosophy on India’s economic progress — a topic he has spoken about passionately in the past. Recently, on the inaugural episode of 3one4 Capital's podcast 'The Record,' Murthy sparked national debate by advocating for India’s youth to adopt a 70-hour workweek. He argued that a longer, more dedicated work culture is necessary for India to close the productivity gap with global powerhouses like China, Germany, and Japan. Drawing historical parallels, he pointed to Japan and Germany’s post-World War II recovery, crediting their impressive economic resurgence to a culture of hard work and resilience.
In conversation with former Infosys CFO Mohandas Pai, Murthy discussed India’s low work productivity, describing it as one of the key barriers preventing the country from achieving its full potential. He didn’t shy away from calling out systemic obstacles either, such as government corruption and bureaucratic inefficiencies, which he believes further slow down India’s progress. "The necessity of minimizing these roadblocks is critical for India to emerge as a global frontrunner," he stated, underscoring the importance of both individual effort and systemic reform.
Murthy’s call to action was directed squarely at India’s youth. He passionately urged them to embrace a stronger work ethic, saying, "This is my country. I'd like to work 70 hours a week." He emphasized that this level of dedication is crucial for transforming the nation’s economic trajectory. He invoked historical examples to inspire young Indians, reminding them, "This is exactly what the Germans and Japanese did after the Second World War... they made sure that every German worked extra hours for a certain number of years."
His statements have sparked intense debate across the country. Supporters view his perspective as a wake-up call, praising his emphasis on hard work, innovation, and national pride. They argue that Murthy’s vision — combining a strong work ethic with technological advancement — could propel India into a leading position on the global stage. Critics, however, worry about the potential downsides of promoting a 70-hour workweek, cautioning that overwork could lead to burnout, declining mental health, and an erosion of work-life balance. Some have countered that productivity isn’t just about the number of hours worked but also about improving efficiency and fostering a healthier, more balanced workplace culture.
Despite the mixed reactions, Murthy remains resolute in his belief that extraordinary effort is essential for transformative change. He envisions an India where innovation, productivity, and a reinvigorated work culture coexist — powered by genuine AI breakthroughs, a skilled workforce, and an unwavering commitment to progress. His message, though provocative, reflects a deep-seated hope for a stronger, more competitive India — one that embraces both technological evolution and the human spirit of hard work.
